Grade 7 Foundation
March 19, 2025 2025-07-29 15:55Grade 7 Foundation
Course Description
The Grade 7 Foundation Course is a comprehensive and integrated program aimed at reinforcing and expanding the academic foundation students have built in previous years. It offers an in-depth exploration of Mathematics, Science, and Logical Reasoning, ensuring that students transition smoothly from basic to intermediate concepts. The curriculum is structured to cultivate analytical skills, numerical proficiency, scientific temper, and logical thought processes. With a blend of core topics like number systems, equations, geometry, and statistics in Mathematics, to foundational concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, students are exposed to diverse ideas that not only promote academic growth but also sharpen their problem-solving capabilities. This course systematically builds conceptual clarity and prepares students to tackle more complex topics in higher grades with confidence.
Learning Objective
The primary objective of the Grade 7 Foundation Course is to develop a deeper understanding of mathematical operations, algebraic techniques, and geometrical reasoning while advancing the ability to think logically and critically. In Science, the goal is to enhance the understanding of physical laws, chemical reactions, atomic structure, biological processes, and human physiology. Students will learn to interpret data, solve real-world problems, apply scientific knowledge practically, and develop a disciplined approach to logical reasoning and pattern recognition. Emphasis is placed on inquiry-based learning, encouraging students to question, analyze, and make evidence-based conclusions, ultimately equipping them with the skills necessary for competitive exams and advanced academics.
What Will I Learn?
Students will deepen their proficiency in number theory, algebra, ratios, proportions, equations, inequalities, and geometric constructions. They will master operations with rational numbers, work with matrices, solve real-life commercial mathematics problems, and explore coordinate geometry and trigonometry. Logical reasoning skills will be strengthened through advanced topics such as blood relations, coding-decoding, and mathematical operations. In Science, students will gain a strong grasp of fundamental principles including the structure of matter, properties of gases, heat and temperature, electricity, chemical bonding, and the diversity of life. They will learn about biological processes such as nutrition, respiration, reproduction, neural control, and evolution. The course will also familiarize them with key physical laws related to motion, forces, energy, and thermodynamics, along with an introduction to more complex ideas like kinetic theory and electrostatics. By the end of the course, students will have built a solid intellectual framework, laying the foundation for future academic success and scientific thinking.
Additional Info

Practice
Regular exercises and interactive activities to reinforce key concepts in each subject.

Doubt-Solving
Dedicated sessions to address and clarify any questions or difficulties students encounter.

Reports
Detailed reports on experiments and projects to track progress and understanding.
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Mathematics
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
Number System
Integers, Number Line, Absolute Value
Addition and Subtraction of Integers (Using Number Line and Standard Algorithm)
Multiplication and Division of Integers
Properties of Integers
Rule of BODMAS
Fractions and Its Types
Conversion of Fractions, Comparing Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Multiplication and Division of Fractions
Decimals and Its Conversion, Comparing Decimals
Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Decimals
Division of Decimals
Rational Numbers, Equivalent Ratios and Comparing Rational Numbers
Operations on Rational Numbers
Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers
Equations and Inequations
Introduction to Equations
Linear Equation
Properties of Linear Equation
Solving an Equation
Applications of Equations (I and II)
Introduction to Inequalities
Properties of Inequality
Solving Linear Inequations in One Variable
Set Theory
Introduction, Set, Cardinal Number of a Set, Notation
Representation of Sets
Types of Sets
Union of Sets, Intersection of Sets
Set Difference
Symmetric Difference of Two Sets
Venn Diagram, Venn Diagrams of Two Sets
Venn Diagram of Three Sets
Cardinality Formula for Sets
Lines and Angles
Introduction, Basic Terminologies, Angles
Types of Angles, Pair of Angles
Pair of Lines, Angles Formed by a Transversal
Transversal of Parallel Lines, Check for Parallel Lines
Unit of Measurement of Angles, Convert Degree to Radians and Vice Versa
Introduction to Trigonometry, Trigonometric Ratio
Pythagoras Theorem
Percentage and Proportions
Percentage
Conversion of Percentage to Fraction and Decimal, Conversion of Fraction and Decimal to Percentage
Finding Percentage of a Number and Comparison of Percentages
Increase and Decrease in Percentage
Proportion, Continued Proportion
Variation (Direct and Inverse)
Unitary Method, Time and Work, Salary Distribution
Pipes and Cisterns
Commercial Mathematics
Cost Price, Selling Price, Marked Price, Profit %, Loss %
Overhead Charges, Problems Based on Profit and Loss
Marked Price, Discount and Discount %
Simple Interest and Its Applications
Taxes (ST/VAT/GST)
Applications of Commercial Mathematics
Probability
Introduction of Probability, Experiments, Trials
Events and Types of Events, Sample Space and Outcomes
Probability
Axioms of Probability
Important Remarks about Coins, Dice and Playing Cards
Complementary Events
Exponents and Powers
Introduction
Laws of Exponents (I and II)
Use of Exponents in Expressing Large Numbers (Standard Form)
Surds and Its Types
Laws of Exponents for Surds (I and II)
Algebraic Expressions and Identities
Introduction, Basic Terminologies
Types of Algebraic Expression, Polynomials, Different Types of Polynomials, Degree of Polynomials
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
Multiplication and Division of Algebraic Expressions
Finding the Value of an Expression
Identities
Application of Identities
Factorisation (Using Identities, By Regrouping, Middle Term Splitting)
Quadrilaterals
Introduction to Geometrical Figures (Plane Surface, Plane Figures, Curve), Introduction to Polygons
Basic Terminologies (Adjacent Sides, Adjacent Vertices, Diagonals), Classification of Polygons
Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon, Sum of Measures of the Exterior Angles of a Polygon
Quadrilateral
Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral, Sum of Measures of Exterior Angles of a Quadrilateral
Types of Quadrilaterals
Properties of Parallelogram
Properties of Trapezium
Properties of Kite
Cyclic Quadrilateral and Its Properties
Mensuration
Introduction of Perimeter and Area
Area of Square and Rectangle
Area of Parallelogram and Triangles
Area of Trapezium and Rhombus
Circumference and Area of a Circle and Semi-Circle
Area of a Sector
Area of Rectangular Path and Crossroads
Combination of Shapes
Introduction of Surface Area and Volume
Surface Area and Volume of Cube
Surface Area and Volume of Cuboid
Surface Area and Volume of Right Circular Cylinder
Surface Area and Volume of Sphere
Introduction to Coordinate Geometry
Introduction to Coordinate Geometry
Quadrant, Sign Convention in Quadrants
Coordinates of a Point, Locating a Point on the Coordinate Plane
Section Formula
Problems on Section Formula
Mid-point Formula
Problems on Midpoint Formula
Introduction to Matrices
Introduction to Matrices, Order of Matrix, General Representation of Matrix
Types of Matrices
Principal Diagonal of a Square Matrix, Trace of a Matrix
Equality of Matrices
Addition and Subtraction of Matrices, Properties
Multiplication of a Matrix by Scalar
Transpose of a Matrix
Logical Reasoning
Blood Relation (I to IV)
Coding and Decoding (I to IV)
Mathematical Operations (I to III)
Solids, Liquids and Gases
The Kinetic Theory of Matter
Classification of Matter
Properties of Solids, Properties of Liquids, Properties of Gases
Interconversion of Matter (Melting (Solid to Liquid), Freezing (Liquid to Solid), Vaporization (Liquid to Gas))
Heating Curve of Water, Condensation (Gas to Liquid), Sublimation (Solid to Gas), Deposition (Gas to Solid)
Effect of Temperature and Pressure on States of Matter
Comparison of State of Matter on Different Parameters
Behaviour of Matter under Different Conditions (Low and High Temperature, Low and High Pressure)
Acids and Bases
Introduction, Acids and Bases, Types of Acids (Based on Origin)
Classification of Acids and Bases, Basicity of Acids, Acidity of Bases
Methods of Preparation of Acids and Bases
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
Important Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
Neutralization, Neutralization in Everyday Life, Indicators
Salts, Types of Salts, Preparation of Simple Salts
Uses of Acids, Bases, and Salts
Classification of Changes
Introduction, Types of Changes, Physical Change
Chemical Change, Irreversible and Reversible Change
Chemical Change as Chemical Reaction, Factors Favouring Chemical Reaction
Reactive Substances, Types of Chemical Changes
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
Types of Other Chemical Reactions, Rusting and Electroplating, Crystallization
Chemical Reaction and Equation
Chemical Symbols, Valency
Chemical Formulae, Writing Chemical Formulae (Criss Cross Method)
Importance of Chemical Formulae, Radicals, Types of Radicals
Chemical Equations, Writing Chemical Equations
Importance of Chemical Equations, Characteristics of Chemical Equations
Types of Chemical Reactions
Reactivity Series of Metals, Reactivity Series of Non-metals, Application of Reactivity Series
Atomic Structure
Introduction, Dalton Atomic Theory
Advantages and Disadvantages of Dalton Atomic Theory
Thomson Model
Atomic Structure, Subatomic Particles
Atomic Number and Mass Number
How Do Atoms Exist?, Concept of Stability, Octet Rule
Valency, Ions and Radicals
Bond Formation and Its Characteristics
Substances in Common Use
Introduction, Metals and Their Uses
Noble Gases and Their Uses
Some Common Alloys and Their Uses
Some Useful Compounds
Compounds of Carbon and Silicon
Different Types of Fertilizers and Their Uses
Uses of Organic Compounds
Some Common Solutions in Our Daily Life
Some Important Industrially Useful Materials
Nutrition in Plants
Introduction and Nutrition
Photosynthesis and Its Requirements
Activities to Prove Factors Essential for Photosynthesis (Chlorophyll)
Activities to Prove Factors Essential for Photosynthesis (Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight)
Early Experiments, Steps and Phases of Photosynthesis
Leaves (Chloroplast and Leaf Structure), Structure and Working of Stomata
Adaptations in Leaf, Uses of Glucose and Significance of Photosynthesis
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Other Modes of Nutrition in Plants
Replenishment of Nutrients in Soil
Immunity: The Guardian Shield
Introduction to Immunity, Structure of Antibody
Types of Antibodies, Difference Between Antigen and Antibody
Types of Immunity (Innate and Acquired Immunity)
Types of Acquired Immunity (Active Immunity and Passive Immunity)
Autoimmunity, Vaccination, Immunization and Allergy
Respiration in Animals and Plants
Introduction and Types of Respiration
Cellular Respiration and Breathing
Human Respiratory System
Mechanism of Breathing and Gaseous Exchange
What Do We Breathe Out?, Control of Breathing and Respiratory Volume
Respiration in Other Animals
Respiration in Plants
Neural Control and Coordination
Introduction, Nervous System and Receptors
Neuron, Its Types and Transmission of Nerve Impulse
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Introduction, Asexual Reproduction in Plants (Budding, Fragmentation and Spore Formation)
Natural Vegetative Propagation
Artificial Vegetative Propagation and Tissue Culture
Sexual Reproduction, Flower and Its Parts
Types of Flowers and Pollination
Fertilization, Fruits and Seed Formation
Seed Dispersal and Germination
Transportation in Animals
Introduction, Circulatory System and Pathways, Human Circulatory System
Blood (Plasma and Red Blood Cells)
Blood (White Blood Cells and Platelets), Functions of Blood
Blood Grouping and Blood Clotting
Blood Vessels
Heart Structure
Cardiac Valves, Heart Beat and Blood Circulation
Disorders of the Circulatory System and Lymph
Excretion in Animals
Evolution
Introduction and Origin of Life
Evidence for Evolution
Comparative Anatomy, Vestigial Organs
Adaptive Radiations, Marsupial Radiation
Biological Evolution (Darwin’s Theory of Evolution)
Industrial Melanism and Lamarck's Theory of Evolution
Origin and Evolution of Man
Reflection of Light
Light, Properties of Light, Ray and Beam of Light
Reflection, Laws of Reflection
Types of Reflection, Concept of Image and Object, Mirror and Its Types
Plane Mirror, Formation of Image by Plane Mirror, Characteristics of Image Formed by Plane Mirror
Uses of Plane Mirrors, Image Formed Between Two Inclined Plane Mirrors
Spherical Mirrors and Terms Related to Spherical Mirrors
Rules for Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors
Ray Diagram for Spherical Mirrors
Uses of Spherical Mirror, New Cartesian Sign Convention, Mirror Formula and Magnification
Electric Current
Electricity and Its Sources, Electric Charge
Methods of Charging, Electric Current
Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors, Electric Potential
Ohm's Law, Electric Resistance, Measurement & Detection of Current & Potential Difference
Heating Effect of Current, Chemical Effect of Current
Electric Power, Commercial Unit of Electrical Energy
Motion in One Dimension
Physical Quantities, Rest and Motion
Uniform and Non-uniform Motion, Distance and Displacement
Speed and Its Types
Velocity and Its Types
Acceleration, Types of Acceleration
Equations of Motion
Distance-Time Graph, Displacement-Time Graph, Velocity-Time Graph
Turning Effect of Force
Introduction to Turning Effect of Force, Rigid Body, Axis of Rotation, Some Common Forces
Torque or Moment of a Force, Factors Affecting the Moment of Force or Turning Effect, Principle of Moment
Couple and Moment of Couple
Centre of Mass and Centre of Gravity
Equilibrium and Its Types
Heat and Temperature
Introduction to Heat, Temperature and Measurement of Temperature by Different Thermometers
Different Scales of Temperature
Heat, Specific Heat and Effects of Heat
Conduction, Conductors, Insulators and Equation of Conduction
Convection, Land and Sea Breeze
Radiation, Black Body and Stefan-Boltzmann's Law
Thermal Expansion
Thermal Expansion, Linear Expansion of Solids
Superficial/Area Expansion, Volume Expansion
Relation Between α, β, and γ, Practical Applications of Thermal Expansion
Expansion of Liquids, Variation of Density with Temperature
Anomalous Expansion of Water
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Matter and States of Matter, Characteristics of a Gas
Ideal Gas, Real Gas, State Variables, Boyle's Law
Charles' Law, Gay Lussac's Law and Avogadro's Law
The Gas Equation, Ideal Gas Equation, NTP and STP
Deviation from Ideal Gas Equation, Dalton's Law for Partial Pressure
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Subjects Includes
Math
Physics
Chemistry
Biology